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A Comparison of the Effectiveness of Two Training Methods of Nutritional Behavior of Elementary School Students: Opportunistic vs. Multimedia Training
Shohreh Shahmohammadi
ht890901@yahoo.com
1
Mahmoud Tavousi
M.tavousi@gmail.com
2
Fazlollah Ghofranipour
ghofranf@modares.ac.ir
3
Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran , Iran).
Health Education & Promotion Group, Health Metrics Research Centre, Iranian Institute for Health Sciences Research, ACECR,
Tarbiat Modares University
Background and objective: Educational planning, as a principle of health education,
is both economical and the priorities of WHO and the regional community
health policymakers. The purpose of this study was to compare the
effectiveness of two training methods, namely, multimedia-based training vs.
opportunistic training, on nutritional knowledge, attitude, and behavior of primary-
school students.
Methods: This was a semi-experiential research conducted on two groups of
84 students, selected randomly from two primary schools in Jajrood County,
District 8 of Tehran. Training intervention was then made into the first group
using an opportunistic method by the teacher, and in the second group using
multimedia package. Three nutritional variables of target students, namely,
knowledge, attitude, and behavior were measured using researcher-designed
questionnaires filled out by the students in three stages: before, immediately
after, and three months after training. The results were analyzed using independent-
T and repeated-measure tests, and SPSS16 statistical software. Results: Before intervention, no significant differences were observed between
the two groups in terms of nutritional knowledge, attitude, or behavior (p=0.93,
p=0.52, and p=0.67 respectively). After intervention, knowledge scores in both
groups increased significantly (p<0.001). However, the attitude and behavior
scores for the two groups increased differently: p<0.001 for the opportunistic
training group while p<0.17 and p<0.04 for the multimedia training group. Conclusion: It seems that in some occasions, opportunistic training is more accessible,
less costly, and more effective than multimedia training. It is therefore
advised that teachers make optimum use of numerous opportunities during
teacher-student contact times to improve the students’ knowledge, attitudes
and behavior in health-related subjects such as nutrition, with minimum costs. Paper Type: Research Article
http://journal.ihepsa.ir/article-1-140-en.pdf
Educational effectiveness
Opportunistic training
Multimedia- Based training
Nutritional behavior
Primary School students
Jajrood.
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Determining Behavioral Preventive Factors of Blindness based on BASNEF Model in the Chaharborj Village, City of Esfarayen
Elham Shrifian
1
Fatemeh Estebsari
2
Leila Haghjou
3
Saharnaz Nedjat
4
SeyedReza Majdzadeh
Reza.Majd@tums.ac.ir
5
Background and objectives: Vision impairment yields significant social and
economic burden around the world. The initial step in the prevention of blindness
is recognizing its current situation and main causes. The prevalence of
blindness is 1. 1% in the village of Chaharborj which is located in the northeastern
part of Iran. This study aimed to identify the behavioral preventive factors
of blindness in a village of Esfarayen city based on BASNEF model. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the number of 330 samples aged 15 to
64 selected from the residents of the Chaharborj village through multi stage
sampling method. Participants were classified into three groups: single, married
after diagnostic tests and married before testing the existence of blindness
gene. Study participants completed a questionnaire which developed based on
the BASNEF mod elthrough interviews. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire
were confirmed. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16
applying the Pearson statistical test, Chi-square test, independent t-test and
analysis of variance with the significance level of p<0.05. Results: scores of awareness and other constructs of the BASNEF model for
prevention of blindness were not favorable. Remoteness of laboratory and lack
of desire in the people outside of the village to marry with Chaharborj residents
due to the fear of blindness were the main determinant factors in prevention of
blindness. The most influential subjective norms were advisedby physicians and
health staff. Awareness was significantly correlated with attitude and in turn,
the attitude was correlated with enabling factors among three study groups. In
the first group, there was a significant and direct correlation between awareness,
attitude and intention to behavior. In the second study group, knowledge
and enabling factors were significantly correlated with awareness and enabling
factors.
Conclusions: Training of village residents and beyond about the mechanisms
of blindness should lead to create preventive norms, attitude and intention to
prevent behavior and considering blindness as a preventable disease. Due to
the important role of providing facilities in adoption of behavior,accessible conciseexamination
should be considered in the national policies and programs.
Paper Type: Research Article
http://journal.ihepsa.ir/article-1-244-en.pdf
BASNEF model
Prevention
Blindness
Determinants
Family
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Prediction of Osteoporosis Preventive Behaviors using the Health Belief Model
Mohammad Vahedian-Shahroodi
1
Lael-monfared Elaheh
Elm_monfared@yahoo.com
2
Habibullah Esmaily
3
Hadi Tehrani
4
Mohaddes-Hakkak Hamidreza
5
Introduction and objective: In all societies, with the increase of age bone mass also decreases. Osteoporosis is a common disease among middle-age and older persons, especially women. Therefore, the necessity of implementing strategic plans to prevent osteoporosis is significantly important. This study was designed to determine the prediction of osteoporosis preventive behaviors through the use of the Health Belief Model (HBM).
Methods: This cross-sectional study was done among 402 women in Mashhad in 2014. A multi-stage cluster sampling was used. In order to gather collection a questionnaire consistent with the structures of HBM and IPAQ and FFQ was used. Data were analyzed using the SPSS16 and descriptive analysis (frequency, percentage, mean ± SD) and analysis (correlation coefficient, regression and Linear regression). The significance level was 0.5.
Results: The mean age of the participants were 36.5 ± 8.1 years. Average monthly calcium intake was 14703.1 ± 8377.5 mg 63.7% of the people with lower physical activity were among inactive groups. Construct barriers perceived (p = 0.008) had a significant impact on the feeding behavior of calcium intake. Self- efficacy (p> 0.001) had a significant impact on physical activity behavior.
Conclusion: The results showed that the HBM to predict well for osteoporosis preventive behaviors in women. Its use in training programs will be effective.
Type of Article: Research paper.
http://journal.ihepsa.ir/article-1-245-en.pdf
Lifestyle
Health Belief Model
Osteoporosis
Preventive behavior of osteoporosis.
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Evaluating Effectiveness of Spiritual Health Education on Increasing Hope among Breast Cancer Patients
Shaghayegh Kamian
shkamian@irimc.org
1
Mohammad Hossein Taghdisi
taghdisi.mh@gmail.com
2
Kamal Azam
Kazam@tums.ac.ir
3
Fatemeh Estebsari
fa_estebsari@yahoo.com
4
soheila ranjbaran
ranjbaran3637@gmail.com
5
afsaneh geravand
geravand.afsaneh@gmail.com
6
Background and objective: The cancer diagnosis endangers spiritual health,
and ultimately results in losing hope in the person. This study aimed to evaluate
effectiveness of training based on promoting spiritual health on the level
of hope in patients with breast cancer referred to Imam Hossein Hospital in
Tehran. Method: This was a quasi-experimental study performed as a controlled intervention.
In this study, 100 women suffered from breast cancer who were
referred to Imam Hossein Hospital in Tehran were selected in 2013, then randomly
allocated to two intervention and control groups (each group=50 people).
The standardized questionnaire of spiritual health by Palotzian and Elison,
and the hope questionnaire by Herth were completed before and one month
after the intervention in both intervention and control groups. Data was analyzed
statistical tests such as chi-square, independent and paired T test, Pearson
correlation coefficient.
Results: The mean score of spiritual health and The mean score of hope were
significantly higher in the intervention group than the control group (p<0.001).
Significant correlation between the mean scores for the spiritual health and
hope was found (p<0.001).
Conclusion: The training intervention based on promoting spiritual
health was effective in increasing the level of hope in patients. Considering
the key role of spirituality and revival of spiritual health
in return of these patients to normal life, it is necessary to adopt special attention
by health officials to this issue.
Paper Type: Research Article
http://journal.ihepsa.ir/article-1-193-en.pdf
Education
Spiritual Health
Hope
Breast Cancer.
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Using Health Belief Model to Prevent Skin Cancer among Farmers
Reza Sadeghi
reza.sadeghi351@yahoo.com
1
Narges Khanjani
Narges.khanjani@gmail.com
2
Mehri Hashemi
m.hashemi725@yahoo.com
3
Mohammad Movagheripour
4
Kerman University of Medical Sciences
Kerman University of Medical Sciences
Kerman University of Medical Sciences
Background and objective: Skin cancer is the most frequent malignancy in Iran.
Exposure to excessive ultraviolet radiation is an important risk factor in creating
skin tumors. This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the
Health Belief Model (HBM) on the health education of Farmers in Sirjan.
Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental study. Two hundred Farmers attending
health centers in Sirjan city, were selected to participate in this study
(100 in intervention group and 100 in the control group). The intervention was
conducted over two sessions in 60 minutes. Data were collected by a validated
and reliable questionnaire (49 questions) before intervention and three months
after the intervention. Data was analyzed by chi-square, Fisher’s exact, paired
t-tests and independent t-test.
Results: After intervention, knowledge scores increased significantly in both
intervention and control group, which was probably due to the routine education
program in that center. Perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived
benefits, perceived barriers, cues to action, and self-efficacy increased
significantly in the intervention group (p<0.001). But, there was no increase or
significant difference in the control group. Conclusion: HBM was effective in educating the Farmers. Therefore, it is proposed
to use HBM along with the traditional training methods in training farmers. Paper Type: Research Article
http://journal.ihepsa.ir/article-1-176-en.pdf
Skin Cancer
Health Belief Model
health education
Farmers
Sirjan
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Awareness and Attitude of Bandar Abbas Residents Towards Organ Donation
Ali Safarri-Moradabadi
1
Abdoulhhossain Madani
2
Fatemeh Zare
3
Firouz Amani
4
Sakineh Dadipoor
mdadipoor@yahoo.com
5
Background and objective: Organ donation has been considered as a recent
method of supplanting patients’ organs or in the case of advanced disability.
A key obsession in transplantation is the shortage of organs for transplanting.
Depending on the type of disease, about 10-25% of patients in need of transplantation
die on the waiting list. The present research was conducted to delve
into the awareness and attitude of Bandar Abbas residents towards organ
transplantation.
Methods: In this descriptive-analytic research, 900 subjects from Bandar Abbas
(487 men along with 413 women) all above 20 years of age participated.
Sampling was done in multiple stages. The data gathering instrument was a
questionnaire devised by the researcher, the reliability and validity of which
were previously at tested by the field scholars. The collected data were later
analyzed by SPSS16. Descriptive tests, ANOVA and Chi-squared test were used
to analyze the data. The significance level was set at p<0.05. Results: The mean score of awareness of participants in the present study was
42.26%. Television was the most influential medium to raise people’s awareness.
260 (28.9%) participants were opposed to organ donation. 52.30% stated
revival as their reason for opposition. A significant correlation was found between
attitude and age (p=0.016), education (p=0.022) and economic status
(p=0.005). A further significant correlation was found between awareness and
education (p<.001), economic status (p<0.001).
Conclusion: According to the findings obtained from this study, authorities’
planning for raising public awareness of organ transplantation through mass
media and healthcare organizations and changing their attitude with this regard
can effectively increase the number of donations.
Paper Type: Research Article
http://journal.ihepsa.ir/article-1-246-en.pdf
awareness
attitude
organ donation
Bandar Abbas
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Effect of L-carnitine Supplementation on Health Indicators of Untrained Men Over a Period of Resistance Training: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Samadi Mohammad
samadi.mohammad@yahoo.com
1
Hamid Agha Alinejad
halinejad@modares.ac.ir
2
Mahvash Jafari
m.jafari145@gmail.com
3
Kazem Khalagi
kkhalagi@yahoo.com
4
Foad Asjodi
fasjodi@gmail.com
5
Ebrahim Falah
bayati2005@gmail.com
6
Background and objective: Oxidative stress is a consequence of professional
sports that could endanger the health of athletes. This study aimed to determine
the effect of L-carnitine supplementation on health indicators of untrained
men over a period of resistance training.
Methods: A double-blinded, randomized controlled trial study conducted on
twenty-four healthy untrained male. Study subjects were randomly assigned to
two equal groups, L-carnitine and placebo (n=12). Both groups participated in
8 weeks resistance training period and supplementation of 2 g/day L-carnitine
or placebo (maltodextrin) was done. Anthropometric measurements, dietary
intakes and blood biochemical parameters including glutathione, malondialdehyde,
superoxide dismutase and catalase were measured at the beginning and
end of the study.
Results: At the end of the study in L-carnitine group, mean serum glutathione
(GSH) were significantly increased (p<0.05) and mean serum malondialdehyde
(MDA) were significantly decreased (p<0.05). Also mean of these parameters
between the two groups were significantly different from each other (p <0.5).
Enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were significantly
increased in both groups but the increase was higher in the supplement
group (p <0.01).
Conclusion: In this study, supplementation with 2 grams of L-carnitine per day
for 8 weeks, increased serum glutathione,superoxide dismutase and catalase
enzyme activity and decreased serum malondialdehyde significantly.
Paper Type: Research paper
http://journal.ihepsa.ir/article-1-192-en.pdf
l-carnitine
Resistance training
Oxidative stress
Controlled trial
Athletes health.
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Impact of Educational Intervention on Mothers Empowerment about Proper Nutrition among Infants under 2 years of age Covered By Health Homes of District 18 of Tehran Municipality
fatemeh moradi
moradi20294@yahoo.com
1
tohid babazade
towhidbabazadeh70@gmail.com
2
nayer zebae
zibaee.n@gmail.com
3
Director Jenerral Office For Health
-
Director Jenerral Office For Health
Background and objective: Due to the importance of breastfeeding and eating
habits formed and beginning complementary feeding in the first two years of
life, this period is the most important period for child growth and development.
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of education on empowering
mothers about correct nutrition among infants less than two years in the
health homes of district 18 of Tehran Municipality. Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental study. Samples were selected
using multi-stage sampling Researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect
data. After confirming the validity and reliability (α= 0.82), control and intervention
groups selected and data were collected. Then three educational sessions
were held using educational tools such as boards and educational methods
questions and answers to the intervention group. Three months after the intervention
data were collected and analyzed using of descriptive statistics and
independent T and paired T.Results: Before the intervention, the mean scores, among intervention group,
of knowledge 13.30, attitude 24.99 and behavior 13.97 and after the intervention
increased to 14.92, 27.45 and 14.39, respectively. Also mean score of
knowledge, attitude and behavior of the control group before the intervention
were 13.2, 23.70 and 13.59 and after the intervention were 13.24, 24.47 and
13.45, respectively. Conclusion: According to the result of this study, education can be used as an
effective tool in the promotion of knowledge, attitude and practice of child nutrition. Article type: Research article.
http://journal.ihepsa.ir/article-1-141-en.pdf
Women’s Empowerment
Educational programs
Children
Health homes
Breastfeeding mothers
Tehran municipality.