1 2345-346X Iranian Journal of Health Education and Health Promotion 134 Effective Factors related to Fast-foods Consumption in Bandar Abbas: A Community-Based Study Dadipoor Sakineh b Madani Abdoulhhossain c Ghanbarnejad Amin d Safari Moradabadi Ali Amani Firouz Hosseini Marzieh Yeganeh Hamideh b Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences c Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences d Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences 1 8 2014 2 2 77 86 29 04 2014 30 09 2014 Background and objective: In recent decades there has been a growing increase in the consumption of fast-foods. As a result of over-consumption of these high-calorie and fatty foods and the unbalance between the received and consumed energy, the chance of affliction with cardiovascular diseases and diabetes in individuals has rised. The present research sought to determine the effective factors related to the consumption of fast-foods in Bandar Abbas in 2013. Methods: The present research was descriptive/analytic and of a cross-sectional type. Research population was comprised of 600 fast-food consumers. The samples were selected using a combination of cluster sampling and convenient sampling. The instrument used for gathering data was a researcher-made questionnaire (RMQ) to measure the reasons for people’s tendency toward consuming fast-foods. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts and its reliability was established in the pilot study. SPSS16 was used to analyze the data. Descriptive statistics (mean, SD, frequency and percentage) as well as analytical statistics (ANOVA and Chi-squared test) were used. Significance level was set at <0.05. Results: 52% of subjects were male and 303 (50.5%) of them preferred pizza among fast-foods. Fast-food consumption was most prevalent among individuals below 25 years of age. Subjects with university degrees consumed fast-food more than others. Conclusion: Consuming fast-foods was more prevalent among youngster and those with academic degrees. Place of residence, education and employment could be involved in the recurrent consumption of fast foods. Paper Type: Research Article
136 Quality of life in postmenopausal women in Tehran Abdi Nasrin Solhi Mahnaz j j Department of Health Services and Health Education, Iran University of Medical Sciences 1 8 2014 2 2 87 96 05 05 2014 30 09 2014 Background & Objective: Menopausal symptoms in women lead to decreased quality of life. Understanding this natural process in a woman's life during is important in effective control of their problems during this period. The purpose of this study was to determine the four (vasomotor, mental-social, physical and sexual) dimensions of quality of life of postmenopausal women in Tehran in 2007. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, sample size was determined by using the formula for estimating the proportion of a phenomenon and 700 postmenopausal women randomly selected in Tehran. The data gathering tool was Menopause-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (MENQOL). Data were analyzed in SPSS14 by using descriptive tests (such as mean, standard deviation, frequency, relative frequency) and analytical test (Chi- square) at the 0.05 significance level. Results: Quality of Life of women under study was moderate. The highest mean score was related to physical dimension (23.97±3.09) and the lowest mean score was related to vasomotor dimension (3.29±.84). A significant correlations between their quality of life and their occupation (p=0.04) and income (p=0.009) were also seen. It means postmenopausal women housewives and women with higher income had better quality of life to enjoy.Conclusion: The quality of life is not desirable in these women. Developing some interventions to improve their quality of life is necessary. Paper Type: Research Article. 162 Relationship between spiritual health and happiness among students mozafarinia faezeh k Shokravi Farkhondeh Amin l hydarnia Alireza m k student l Health Education Dept m Health Education Dept 1 8 2014 2 2 97 108 11 07 2014 30 09 2014 Background and objective: Spiritual health is considered as one of the valuable capitals of humans that it is less visible but so far it is studied less. Further its relationship with happiness, as positive life satisfaction, has become new issue that is addressed less. The main objective of research is examination of relationship between spiritual health and happiness among students of Tarbiat Modares University (TMU) in 1392. Methods: In this research, spiritual health has been analyzed according Ellison questionnaire base on three dimensions include cognitive, emotional and behavior aspects. Also happiness has been analyzed according Oxford questionnaire with 5 domains include life satisfaction, self-esteem, subjective well-being, satisfaction and positive mood. The statistical population of the study includes 90 students of TMU base on Cochran formula in 1392. Therefore 90 respondents were selected according with random sampling approach. The method applied in this research relies on the questionnaire research approach. So, Data was collected via questionnaire. The results were analyzed by SPSS 13. Descriptive (frequency and percentage) and analytical statistics (linear regression analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient and one way ANOVA, Mann- Whitney Test) were used for analyzing the data. Results: Finally it was reviewed and studied spiritual health dimensions as an independent variable with happiness as dependent variable. Correlation coefficient was 0/62 between spiritual health and happiness. All the calculations were carried out with the confidence level 0.95.It was approved that spiritual health of students has a significant and positive relationship with happiness. Also we can see that all dimensions of spiritual health and happiness related together and the most relation between them is related on the emotional dimension and the less related to behavior dimension of spiritual health in students. The score mean of spiritual health got (76/1± 12/85) with respect to the mean sum (± SD) grades in students and score mean of happiness got (75/46±14/87). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that students, this enormous and important group in society, can get more happiness with planning on emotional and cognitive dimension and this is more stability and durability. Paper Type: Research Article. 146 Social Marketing Approach In Health Care: A Review Study Rezaei-Pandari Hassan Keshavarz-Mohammadi Nastaran 1 8 2014 2 2 109 130 24 05 2014 30 09 2014 Background and objective:Social marketing has been utilized in recent years to influence health behaviors. This paper reviews available experiences in applying social marketing in health research and aims to explore the extent of its application, methods of application and the reported success rate of these studies in changing health behaviors. Hence, it provides guidelines for researchers who plan to utilize this framework in health promotion and education interventions in the future. Methods:This review study applies specific key words in search engines including Google Scholar, PubMed, Science direct, SID, and also health research databases, related papers and reports available in English and Farsi were identified. Data was extracted from the content and were qualitatively analyzed. Results::Although the main focus of the papers was nutrition, but social marketing have been applied in researches related toheart health, helmet, safety belts and sun protection. In these studies, not only the behavior of consumption of a specific product has been studied, but knowledge, attitude, and health status have also been examined. The reported success rate in changing behavior varies from 10% in saturated oils consumption to 30% in the consumption of Soy sauce. Conclusion: It seems that health promotion interventions utilizing social marketing in changing health behaviors that require the consumption of a healthy product and are significantly influenced by attitudes and individual decisions can achieve significant success. Studies have reported different degrees of success, but it is not clear why the success rates are so different. More studies are needed to answer this question. Paper Type: Review Article. 151 Determinant Factors of Mental Health Based on Social Cognitive Theory Among High School Girl Students of Bushehr Shakib Zohreh p tahmasebi Rahim Noroozi Azita p Bushehr University of Medical Sciences Bushehr University of Medical Sciences Bushehr University of Medical Sciences 1 8 2014 2 2 131 142 10 06 2014 30 09 2014 Background and objective: One of the critical components in psychology and psychiatrics is mental health that is influenced by several factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the mental health of high school girls in Bushehr based on social cognitive theory. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 500 high school students evaluated with using multi-stage cluster random sampling. Information was collected by five standardized questionnaire including social self-efficacy, anxiety academic, multi-dimensional social support, educational motivation and quality of life (SF-36). The data were analyzed with SPSS20 software by using Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression model in 0.05 significant level. Results: The students had a moderate level of mental health (50.99± 11) and mental health was associated with social support, motivation and facilitator anxiety. Facilitating anxiety, family support and friend support predicted 13.2% of mental health change. Conclusions: Providing supportive environment in home and school by parents and friends and education about coping skills especially facilitative stress is necessary for promoting mental health in girl students. Paper Type: Research Article. 147 The Impact of Educational Intervention Based on Health Belief Model on Promoting Self-Care Behaviors in Patients with Smear-Positive Pulmonary TB jadgal Khir Mohamad zareban Iraj Alizadeh-Siuki Hadi Izadirad Hossein zahedan university medical science zahedan university medical science torbatheydarieh university medical science zahedan university medical science 1 8 2014 2 2 143 152 28 05 2014 30 09 2014 Background and objective: One of the most common infectious diseases is Tuberculosis. It yearly causes more than 2 million death in the world. This study aimed to determine the impact of health education based on Health Belief Model on promoting self-care behaviors in patients with smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis in Chabahar in 2013. Methods: Framework of this quasi-experimental study was Health Belief Model. Data was collected by researcher-made questionnaire. 80 TB patients were selected as samples through classified random sampling and divided into case and control groups. Educational sessions for case group were performed through face-to-face and question-and-answer sessions in 2 training sessions for 2 month. No educational intervention were done on control group. Training materials were manuals and pamphlets. Both groups were followed for one month after the intervention to perform a post test. The data collected were analyzed by using SPSS16 software and descriptive and analytical tests. Results: The mean scores of perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cause to action, self-efficacy, knowledge and self-care behaviors were increased significantly following intervention and paired sample t-test showed a significant change in the case group, but this change was not significant in the control group. Conclusion: Health education promotes self-care behaviors of TB patient through Health Belief Model. Paper Type: Research Article. 110 Reasons Deemed for an Unwanted Pregnancy: A Qualitative Study kheiriat mitra zamanialavijeh fereshteh araban marzieh kheiriat fatemeh Department of Public Health Department of Public Health Department of Public Health nurssing and midwife 1 8 2014 2 2 153 164 06 03 2014 30 09 2014 Background and objective: Pregnancy could be one of the best personal and family event of a woman, but unwanted pregnancy is a health concern affecting maternal, infant and society health. The aim of this study was to deeply explore the mental aspects of unwanted pregnancy. Methods: A qualitative research in 2013 was done in Behbahan and Ahvaz. Data collection was performed through unstructured interviews with 30 participants (24 with direct experienced and 6 with indirect experienced) to reach data saturation. Participants’ responses were recorded and transcripted word by word on paper. Data analysis was done with the constant comparison analysis. Rigorance of data was confirmed by participants and also external check. Results: Three main categories were shown as reasons for unwanted pregnancies: feeling of shame due to mental abnormalities related to pregnancy, being alone and lack of social support and fear of unwanted effects of pregnancy. In all, 12 subcategories were found. Conclusion: According to women’s experience, feeling of unwanted pregnancy had a psychological reasons. Considering unintended pregnancy as a high risk pregnancy and establishing educational programs for this problem is seemed to be necessary to decrease negative outcomes of unwanted pregnancy. Paper Type: qualitative study. 158 Impact of Training Choice Theory on Quality of Life and Happiness of People Quiting Drugs Kazemi-Mojarad Maliheh Bahreynian Abdolmajid Mohamadi-Arya Alireza 1 8 2014 2 2 165 174 04 07 2014 30 09 2014 Background and objective: Choice theory is a theory based on inner control psychology that believes the past significantly influences in our present life but it can’t determine our current behavior. Choice theory explains that we, as humans, how to choose in order to get what we want. Due to the shortage of research about selection theory in our Iran, this study’s aim was to investigate the effect of choice theory learning on the life quality and happiness in people who quit drugs. Methods: The current study was a semi – empirical research. The research plan used a pre-test and post-test plan with control group and two months follow up. Statistical society of this study included all people who quited drugs in Tehran in 2012. About 40 people who completed the addiction treatment program in addiction treatment center were selected by random cluster sampling. Then they were grouped in two categories by simple selection method as test group (20 people) and control group (20). Two questionnaires of life quality and MUNSH happiness scale were used to collect data. The selection theory learning program was administrated in twelve sessions for period of 90 minutes for test group. The repeated measures MANCOVA were used to analyze data. Results: The selection theory learning increased the life quality level (p≤0.000, F=50.85) and happiness (p≤0.000, F=573.05) test group in post-test stage. Also, the results has shown that over time the Intervention effect was a constant process in post-test and the follow up stages. Conclusion: Due to the importance of life quality level and happiness in people who quit drugs, the addiction treatment centers can help these people by learning the choice theory method to improve their life quality and increase their happiness after their addiction treatment. Paper Type: Research article.