Iranian Journal of Health Education and Health Promotion Iranian Journal of Health Education and Health Promotion 2345-346X 2345-3265 14 2 2026 3 1 Investigating the Factors Affecting Physical Activity Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior among Teachers with Musculoskeletal Disorder in District 2 of Tehran, 2023 1 15 FA Zahra Maleki Master’s Student of Health Education and Health Promotion, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran maleki.lale@gmail.com N Masoud Motalebi Ghayen Assistant Professor, Occupational Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. masmotalebi@yahoo.com Y Shahram Vasoughi Professor, Occupational Health Research Center, Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran sh_vosoughi@yahoo.com N Mahboobeh Rasouli Associate Professor, Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran mahrasouli@gmail.com N 10.22034/IJHEP.14.2.1 Background and Objectives: Musculoskeletal disorders  (MSDs) are common problems among teachers and negatively affect their quality of life. Physical activity plays a significant role in the prevention and management of these disorders. This study, based on the Theory of Planned Behavior  (TPB), examines the factors influencing physical activity among teachers with MSDs in District 2 of Tehran in 2023. Materials and Methods: A descriptive-analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted, including 332 employed teachers attending the Teachers’ Clinic in 2023. Participants were selected using simple random sampling. Data were collected through a combination of paper-based and electronic questionnaires  (Porsline system). The instruments included a demographic information form, the short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire  (IPAQ-SF), a TPB-based questionnaire, and the Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire  (CMDQ). Data were analyzed using appropriate statistical tests.  Results: A significant difference between teachers with and without MSDs was observed only in the TPB construct of attitude toward physical activity, while other constructs and physical activity levels showed no significant difference. Regression analysis indicated that TPB could predict physical activity behavior, although individual constructs alone were not strong predictors. Additionally, an inverse significant relationship was found between teachers’ teaching level and their physical activity. Positive significant correlations were also observed between attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control with behavioral intention. Conclusion: Attitude plays a pivotal role in shaping physical activity behavior, and interventions targeting this construct may facilitate the prevention of musculoskeletal disorders among teachers.  Open Access Policy: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Physical Activity, Musculoskeletal Disorders, Teachers, Theory of Planned Behavior http://journal.ihepsa.ir/article-1-3170-en.html http://journal.ihepsa.ir/article-1-3170-en.pdf
Iranian Journal of Health Education and Health Promotion Iranian Journal of Health Education and Health Promotion 2345-346X 2345-3265 14 2 2026 3 1 Effectiveness of Ergonomics Education on Spinal Care Awareness among 7 to 10 Years Children: A Quasi-Experimental Study 16 29 FA Zahra Jahani MSc, Department of Ergonomics, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran zahra22jahany@gmail.com N Nastaran Kshavarz Mohammadi Professor, Department of Public Health, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran n_keshavars@yahoo.com N Mahshid Namdari Assistant Pofessor, Department of Biostatistics, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran mah.namdari@gmail.com N Mahnaz Saremi Professor, Department of Ergonomcs, Workplace Health Promotion Research Center, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. saremim@yahoo.com Y 10.22034/IJHEP.14.2.16 Background and Objective: Although ergonomics is important for preventing musculoskeletal disorders, its education in primary schools has received limited attention. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of an educational intervention about spine care among children aged 7–10 years. Materials and Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted in 2023 in two government elementary schools in Tehran. A total of 180 girl students aged 7–10 years were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. The intervention group received instruction via a blended approach. Data were collected using the “Children’s Awareness of Spine Ergonomics” (kidSEA) questionnaire, before and one month after the intervention. The independent samples t-test, paired t-test, and ANCOVA were used to analyze the results. Data analyses were conducted using SPSS software, version 22, with a significance level of α = 0.05. Results: The two groups were homogeneous in terms of baseline knowledge at the beginning of the study. At baseline, the mean awareness score in the control group was 8.91 ± 2.49, and in the intervention group 8.43 ± 2.98, with no statistically significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.25). After the intervention, the mean awareness score in the intervention group increased from 8.43 ± 2.98 to 12.54 ± 0.99, and this change was statistically significant based on the paired t-test (p < 0.001). In the control group, the mean score changed from 8.91 ± 2.49 to 8.95 ± 2.22, which was not statistically significant (p = 0.51). Conclusion: Child-centered, visual, and interactive ergonomics education can effectively enhance elementary schoolchildren’s awareness about spine care and may pave the way for preventing future musculoskeletal disorders. Integrating ergonomics education into the elementary school curriculum is recommended. Open Access Policy: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Ergonomics, Spine, Child, Educational Intervention, Schools http://journal.ihepsa.ir/article-1-3151-en.html http://journal.ihepsa.ir/article-1-3151-en.pdf
Iranian Journal of Health Education and Health Promotion Iranian Journal of Health Education and Health Promotion 2345-346X 2345-3265 14 2 2026 3 1 The Effect of Education Based on Leventhal’s Self-Regulation Model on Illness Perception and Treatment Adherence in Individuals with Coronary Artery Disease 30 42 FA Mahsa Yousefi MSc Student of Nursing, Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan. mahsayosefi76@gmail.com N Mahdieh Sarhadi Assistant Professor of Nursing Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery Community Nursing Research Center Zahedan University of Medical Sciences. sarhadi.nurssing@gmail.com Y Ali Navidian Professor of Nursing Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery Community Nursing Research Center Zahedan University of Medical Sciences. alinavidian@gmail.com N 10.22034/IJHEP.14.2.30 Background and Objective: Coronary artery disease accompanied by various physical and psychological consequences for patients. One of the key factors in managing this disease is patients’ proper understanding of the illness and their adherence to treatment. In this regard, utilizing effective educational models such as Leventhal’s Model can be a promising approach to improving treatment adherence in these patients. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of education based on this model on illness perception and treatment adherence among Individuals with coronary artery disease hospitalized. Materials and Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 80 patients with coronary artery disease were selected using a convenience sampling method based on inclusion criteria and were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. Data collection tools included a demographic information form, the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (Brief IPQ), and the Seyed Fatemi Treatment Adherence Questionnaire. The intervention group received four educational sessions based on Leventhal’s Self-Regulation Model. Data were analyzed using chi-square, independent t-test, paired t-test, and Fisher’s exact test in SPSS software version 27.  Results: The mean changes in illness perception scores in the intervention and control groups were 6.57 ± 1.272 and 0.07 ± 0.034, respectively, and the mean changes in treatment adherence scores were 5.82 ± 0.074 and 0.05 ± 0.267 for the intervention and control groups, respectively. These changes were statistically significant in the intervention group (P < 0.001), and education based on Leventhal’s model led to improvements in all dimensions of These two variables in the intervention group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Individual education based on Leventhal’s model is an effective method for improving illness perception and treatment adherence in patients with coronary artery disease, and it is recommended that this approach be used to design targeted individual education programs for these patients. Open Access Policy: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Health Education, Illness Perception, Treatment Adherence, Coronary Artery Disease http://journal.ihepsa.ir/article-1-3076-en.html http://journal.ihepsa.ir/article-1-3076-en.pdf
Iranian Journal of Health Education and Health Promotion Iranian Journal of Health Education and Health Promotion 2345-346X 2345-3265 14 2 2026 3 1 Determinants of Fecal Immunochemical Test (FIT) Uptake among Adults Aged 50 and Above: A Protection Motivation Theory Approach 43 56 FA Bahare Behrozi MSc Student in Health Education and Promotion, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. behrouzib4012@mums.ac.ir N Elham Charoghchian-Khorasani Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Faculty of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. echaroghchian@yahoo.com N Hadi Tehrani Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Faculty of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran TehraniH@mums.ac.ir N Ali Gholami Associate Professor, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran. aagholami80@yahoo.com N Jamshid Jamali Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. jamalij@mums.ac.ir N Mahdi Gholian-aval Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Faculty of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran GholianAM@mums.ac.ir Y 10.22034/IJHEP.14.2.43 Background and Objectives: Screening programs play a critical role in detecting early and treatable stages of colorectal cancer. However, a significant proportion of high-risk individuals fail to participate in these programs. This study aimed to identify the predictors of Fecal Immunochemical Test (FIT) uptake among adults over the age of 50 in Neyshabur, Iran, using the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT). Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2024 on 433 individuals aged over 50 years (270 women and 163 men) attending comprehensive health service centers in Neyshabur. Participants were selected through stratified sampling with proportional allocation. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, a PMT-based questionnaire, and a FIT performance checklist. Data analysis was performed using Mann–Whitney, Kruskal–Wallis, Spearman correlation coefficient, and linear regression tests in SPSS version 25. Results: The mean age of participants in the study was 58.26 ± 5.41 years. Most participants were aged between 50 and 59 years, and the majority (62.4%) were female. Perceived severity, perceived vulnerability, response efficacy, and self-efficacy showed a significant positive correlation with FIT behavior, while perceived rewards and response costs were negatively correlated (p < 0.05). In the regression model, protection motivation (β=0.266, p <0.001) and self-efficacy (β=0.165, p=0.005) significantly predicted FIT screening behavior. The Protection Motivation Theory explained 32.1% of the variance in FIT uptake behavior. Conclusion: The Protection Motivation Theory can be an effective framework for promoting FIT screening behavior. Educational interventions based on PMT—particularly those enhancing protection motivation and self-efficacy—are recommended, especially in primary healthcare settings, to help prevent colorectal cancer. Open Access Policy: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Protection Motivation Theory, Fecal Immunochemical Test, Health Education, Colorectal Cancer http://journal.ihepsa.ir/article-1-3143-en.html http://journal.ihepsa.ir/article-1-3143-en.pdf
Iranian Journal of Health Education and Health Promotion Iranian Journal of Health Education and Health Promotion 2345-346X 2345-3265 14 2 2026 3 1 From Evaluation to Meta‑Evaluation: A Secondary Analysis of a Group Health Education Program in the East Azerbaijan Provincial Health Center 57 71 FA Haidar Nadrian Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. haidarnadrian@gmail.com Y Marzieh Anousheh Bonab Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran anousheh@gmail.com N Hoda Alinezhadmonfared Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran hoda.monfared98@gmail.com N Manijeh Soleimani Provincial Health Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. soleimanitab@gmail.com N 10.22034/IJHEP.14.2.57 Background and Objectives: In recent years, group-based health education programs have been implemented across health centers in East Azerbaijan Province. However, the evaluation of these programs has faced notable challenges, including inconsistencies with established evaluation standards. To address these gaps, the present study undertakes a comprehensive meta-evaluation of the existing assessments. Meta-evaluation, as a structured and systematic methodology, facilitates the secondary appraisal of evaluation processes, outcomes, and methodological rigor, thereby informing improvements in program quality and supporting evidence-informed decision-making at the provincial level. Materials and Methods:  The current research is a meta-evaluation study that was conducted through document review and also quantitatively and through a checklist and finally combining the results of these two stages. The first stage includes the review of the documents available in the health center of East Azarbaijan province using the qualitative content analysis method with the frame analysis approach, in which MAXQDA software was used in this part to manage the data analysis. In the second stage of meta-evaluation of the program, based on Hartz et al.'s checklist, including the dimension of usefulness  (in 7 areas), feasibility  (in 3 areas), competence  (in 8 areas), accuracy  (in 12 areas) and features  (in 5 areas), scoring was done and found. The results of reviewing and examining the documents along with the findings of the meta-evaluation phase were presented in a report and the weaknesses and strengths of the implementation process of the program were identified. Result: The findings of the first stage of the study showed that in the evaluation program carried out in the health center of East Azarbaijan province, attention was paid to both the process and the outcome. But the evaluation of educational programs has been carried out quantitatively and qualitative and combined methods have not been used, and change has been considered at the individual and average level and has not been addressed at the macro level, and the main strategy of health education and communication is to use and organizational and political development and interdisciplinary studies have not been addressed. The results of the second stage also showed that the evaluation program in the area of Propriety standards with 81% scored the highest and in the area of accuracy standards with 56% the lowest score in the meta-evaluation process. Conclusion: The present results showed that the evaluation of the group health education program of the health education and health promotion unit of the health center of East Azarbaijan Province is at a relatively favorable level. The standards of Propriety, specificity and feasibility are at a very good level, and the standards of utility and accuracy were evaluated at a good level. The evaluation program also has weaknesses, the main reasons of which are the lack of specific financial resources and the lack of support due to the provincial nature of this program. The findings of the research showed that allocating a budget line to the evaluation program and using external evaluators can improve the program evaluation process. The strengths of the program include the use of valid evaluation frameworks such as the CIPP and RE-AIM model, and according to the results obtained from this study, it is concluded that in addition to strengthening the standards that have obtained high scores More attention should be paid to accuracy standards, including unbiased reporting and the use of external evaluators, and description of measures to control biases and identify and report side effects of the program. Open Access Policy: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Evaluation, Community Health Education, Group Processes, Evaluation Models, Outcome Assessment http://journal.ihepsa.ir/article-1-2969-en.html http://journal.ihepsa.ir/article-1-2969-en.pdf
Iranian Journal of Health Education and Health Promotion Iranian Journal of Health Education and Health Promotion 2345-346X 2345-3265 14 2 2026 3 1 Validity and Reliability of the Persian Version of Disaster Literacy Scale among People Over 18 Years 72 86 FA Mahdi Moshki Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran. drmoshki@gmail.com N Elnaz Einabadi Student Research Committee, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran. elnazein6@gmail.com N Mitra Dogonchi Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran. dogonchimitra656@gmail.com N Alireza Jafari Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Nursing Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran jafari.ar94@gmail.com Y 10.22034/IJHEP.14.2.72 Background and Objectives: Disaster literacy refers to the capacity of people to access, comprehend, and utilize health-related information and services for disaster mitigation, preparedness, prevention, response, and recovery. This study aimed to translate and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Disaster Literacy Scale. Material and Methods:  Initially, the translation process was conducted to create the Persian version of the Disaster Literacy Scale. Subsequently, qualitative face validity, qualitative and quantitative content validity, and structure validity were evaluated. For quantitative content validity, the content validity index (CVI) and content validity ratio (CVR) were calculated. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed on a sample of 777 individuals aged over 18 years selected through random cluster sampling in Razavi Khorasan Province (Iran) in 2022. The questionnaire's reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, McDonald's Omega Coefficient, and the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted using AMOS software version 24. Results: In this study, the average of CVR and CVI for all items were calculated as 0.81 and 0.95, respectively. Three items (items 47, 48, and 61) were removed due to weak factor loadings during confirmatory factor analysis. Based on the model fit indices, the structure validity was confirmed. Furthermore, Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the Disaster Literacy Scale was 0.868, McDonald's omega coefficient was 0.892, and the ICC was 0.897. The mean (± standard deviation) of the Disaster Literacy Scale was 160.94 (± 31.34). The disaster literacy level was insufficient for 85.8% (n=667) of participants, mediocre for 13.8% (n=107), and sufficient for only 0.4% (n=3).  Conclusion: The findings confirmed the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the Disaster Literacy Scale with 58 items and four subscales: Mitigation (17 items), Preparedness (16 items), Response (13 items), and Recovery (12 items). Finally, Disaster Literacy Scale can be utilized in future studies to assess the status of disaster literacy across various populations. Open Access Policy: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Psychometrics, Health literacy, Disaster literacy http://journal.ihepsa.ir/article-1-3118-en.html http://journal.ihepsa.ir/article-1-3118-en.pdf
Iranian Journal of Health Education and Health Promotion Iranian Journal of Health Education and Health Promotion 2345-346X 2345-3265 14 2 2026 3 1 Assessment of the Sleep Quality among Health System Workers and Its Associated Demographic Factors 87 103 FA Marzieh Salimi MPH Student, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. salimi.33600@gmail.com N Mohtasham Gaffari Department of Public Health, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. mohtashamghaffari@sbmu.ac.ir N Sakineh Rakhshsndehrou Department of Public Health, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran s_rakhshanderou@sbmu.ac.ir Y Amjad Ozma Department of Management, Management, Imam Ali University, Tehran, Iran. am.ozma@gmail.com N 10.22034/IJHEP.14.2.87 Background and Objectives: Sleep, as one of the fundamental pillars of physical and mental health, plays a decisive role in occupational performance and individuals’ quality of life. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between sleep quality and demographic variables among health worker at Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on a sample of 743 health workers, selected through random cluster sampling. Data collection was performed using the Demographic questionnaire and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index )PSQI). Statistical analysis was carried out with SPSS version 16, applying descriptive statistics )frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation) as well as inferential tests, including the independent t-test, one-way ANOVA with LSD post hoc analysis, Mann–Whitney U test, and Kruskal–Wallis test. Results: The mean age of participants was 39/13 ± 9/19 years. The majority of participants were married )72.8%), held a bachelor’s degree )59.0%), were officially employed )51.7%), and had a confirmed history of COVID-19 infection )81.3%). Based on PSQI scores, 51.9% of participants demonstrated good sleep quality, while 48.1% reported poor sleep quality. Comparison of sleep quality between male and female participants showed no significant difference )t = –0/11, p = 0/991). Although married individuals )5.94±23.3) had a higher mean sleep quality than single individuals )5.76±3.43), this difference was not significant )t=0.645, p=0.519). In individuals with COVID-19, the mean )6.01±3.19) was significantly higher than in non-infected individuals )5.37±3.62) )t=2.050, p=0.041). Conclusion: This study revealed suboptimal sleep quality among healthcare workers, which likely contributes to decreased work efficiency and increased occupational disability. Considering the crucial role of healthcare workers within the health system, measures are recommended to improve workplace conditions, provide sleep counseling, and adjust work shifts to address the mental and psychological problems of these individuals Considering the position of healthcare workers in the health system, measures are recommended to improve workplace conditions, provide sleep counseling, and adjust work shifts to address the mental and psychological problems of these individuals. Open Access Policy: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Sleep Quality, Healthcare Workers, Health Personnel, Demographic Factors http://journal.ihepsa.ir/article-1-3239-en.html http://journal.ihepsa.ir/article-1-3239-en.pdf
Iranian Journal of Health Education and Health Promotion Iranian Journal of Health Education and Health Promotion 2345-346X 2345-3265 14 2 2026 3 1 Factors Affecting Childbearing among Male Non-faculty Employees of Kerman University of Medical Sciences based on the Theory of Planned Behavior 104 116 FA Seyed Vahid Ahmadi Tabatabaei social Determinants of Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman,iran. v.tabatabaei@gmail.com N Saeide Haji Maghsoudi Modeling in health research center Institute for Futures Studies in Health Kerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran. sa.maghsoudi@gmail.com N Azam Bani‌Asadi Mahani Master's student, Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences. baniasadazam.1401@gmail.com Y 10.22034/IJHEP.14.2.104 Background and Objective: Many studies have focused on the role of women or couples in childbearing, and the role of men in society has been less prominent in fertility studies for biological, practical, methodological, and sociological reasons. In this study, the intention to have children and the factors affecting it in working men were examined using the theory of planned behavior. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 1403 on 450 married men aged 18 to 50 who were non-academic employees of Kerman University of Medical Sciences. The sampling method was census and a researcher-made questionnaire based on the theory of planned behavior. Data analysis was performed with SPSS version 27 software and univariate and multivariate logistic regression tests. Result: 18.7% of participants intended to have children in the next three years. The results of multivariate logistic regression showed that, among the theoretical constructs, attitude  (p<0.002, OR: 1.06), subjective norm  (p<0.001, OR: 1.06), and perceived behavioral control  (p<0.004, OR: 1.05) were significantly associated with the intention to have children. Attitude was the main predictor of the intention to have children. Among the contextual factors, age  (p<0.024, OR: 0.93) and number of existing children  (p<0.001, OR: 0.35) were the main predictors of the intention to have children. The ideal number of children  (OR=1.67, p<0.000), male education  (OR=13.50, p<0.001), and income  (OR=1.05, p<0.004) also showed a significant relationship with the intention to have children.  Conclusion: Considering the low intention to have children among male non-academic employees of Kerman University of Medical Sciences, it is suggested that health policymakers take the necessary measures to improve attitudes, improve the state of mental norms, and increase perceived behavioral control. Open Access Policy: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Fertility, Men, Health Personnel, Universities, Theory of Planned Behavior http://journal.ihepsa.ir/article-1-3191-en.html http://journal.ihepsa.ir/article-1-3191-en.pdf