The Effect of Educational Intervention Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior on Treatment Adherence in Elderly with Type 2 Diabetes

Zeinali, Abolfazl; Jalili, Zahra; Zanjani, Samaneh

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The Effect of Educational Intervention Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior on Treatment Adherence in Elderly with Type 2 Diabetes

Abolfazl Zeinali

, Zahra Jalili ^*

, Samaneh Zanjani

Abstract: (31 Views)

Background and Objectives: Type 2 diabetes is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases among the elderly, where preventing complications and achieving control are only possible through treatment adherence. Considering the significant role of education in managing this disease, the present study aimed to determine the effect of educational intervention based on the Theory of Planned Behavior on treatment adherence in elderly with type 2 diabetes.

Materials and Methods: This semi-experimental interventional study was conducted in 2024 on 100 elderly patients with type 2 diabetes who visited comprehensive health service centers in Nowshahr city. Participants were selected through random sampling. Data were collected at two stages (before the intervention and two months after) using a researcher-developed questionnaire based on the Theory of Planned Behavior and Modanloo’s standard treatment adherence questionnaire for both the intervention and control groups. The educational intervention was designed based on the pre-test results and implemented for the intervention group over five educational sessions. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 28.

Results: Before the educational intervention, there was no significant statistical difference in the mean scores of the constructs of the Theory of Planned Behavior and treatment adherence between the intervention and control groups (P > 0.05). However, after the intervention, the mean scores of all constructs of the Theory of Planned Behavior in the intervention group significantly increased compared to the control group (P < 0.001). Additionally, the mean total score of treatment adherence in the intervention group increased from 118.08 ± 13.70 before the intervention to 136.52 ± 11.21 after the intervention, which was statistically significant (P < 0.001).

Conclusion: Given the effectiveness of the educational intervention based on the Theory of Planned Behavior in improving treatment adherence among elderly with type 2 diabetes, employing this theory is recommended as an effective method for enhancing treatment adherence in such patients.

Open Access Policy: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Keywords: Educational Intervention, Theory of Planned Behavior, Treatment Adherence, Elderly, Type 2 Diabetes

Type of Study: Research | Subject: Health Education & Health Promotion
Received: 2025/05/18 | Accepted: 2025/09/20

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