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Showing 9 results for Zarei
Effat Al-Sadat Merghati Khoii, Shahnaz Rimaz, Fatemeh Zarei, Maryam Dastoorpour,
Volume 1, Issue 3 (December 2013)
Abstract
Background: Postgraduate education is positioned at the intersection of research and education were the most outstanding scholars sharing their knowledge, research findings and skills. Little has been done to study the impact of teaching approaches on the level of students' learning. This study aimed to explore the views, experiences and perceptions of Iranian post-graduate students and their lecturers of Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) about learning and teaching practices.
Methods: The informants were recruited purposefully and voluntarily. They were post-graduate students and their lecturers employed in TUMS. Data reached its saturation with 25 participants. We used participatory observation and focused group discussions were the main methods of data collection. Participationary observance in classrooms and focused interviews with students and lecturers were used to gather data. Content analysis based on Graham model were used for analyzing the data.
Results: Our findings extracted into three main themes: characteristics, student expectations, & the Lecturers' interaction between lecturers and students.
Conclusion: The findings suggest that teaching approaches need to be revised and reformed in order to promote and fulfill students' learning needs.
Ehsan Movahed, Davood Shojaei Zadeh, , Morad Ali Zarei Pour, Zohre Arefi, Faramarz Sha Ahmadi, Mahboobe Ameri,
Volume 2, Issue 1 (May 2014)
Abstract
Background: Self-medication is a kind of treating without enough knowledge about the symptoms, diseases and the related reactions or behaviors, which individuals try to solve their problem without the aid of physicians. Due to their presence in the critical period such as adolescence, students are of utmost importance. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of education based on Health Belief Model (HBM) on self-medication among high school students of Manoujan County in Kerman Province.
Methods: This RCT study conducted in 2010 250 individuals (boys from high school of Manujan) participated and samples were divided into two groups, case and control. Sampling was conducted randomly in 4 schools and in each school 2 classes were chosen. Children of any two classes was aggregated and randomly divided into cases and controls. The method of data collecting was an organized questionnaire based on the Health Belief Model (HBM), sensitivity, intensity, perceived benefits/gains and obstacles, guidance and a checklist of students’ performance toward the self-medications. The questionnaire and checklist were completed for both groups prior to doing the learning intervention, and after 2 months of learning intervention in both groups. In order to analyze the data chi-square test, t-test and paired t-test were used by SPSS18 software.
Results: The mean ages of case and control group were 16.96 and 15.93, respectively. Mean score of knowledge and all of the other parts had a significant difference. Before intervention, the level of perceived sensitivity, obstacles and performance in the field of self was less than its average and the level of knowledge, intensity and perceived gains in the field of using medicines forwardly was more than its average but after the learning intervention, there was a significant difference between these two groups in all mentioned variables and the performance of students in self-medication had decreased.
Conclusion: With the increase in knowledge, the sensitivity, intensity and perceived score, and the perceived obstacles of students toward using medicine decreased. This shows the effect and performance of Health Belief Model (HBM) among students in relation to self-medication. Therefore, it is recommended to emphasize more on the importance of educating and promoting the knowledge level in relation to self-medication. To finally achieve the optimal performance, we also need to study the cultural, family backgrounds and effective factors on attitude and knowledge.
Maryam Khazaee-Pool, Fatemeh Zarei, Tahereh Pashaei, Davoud Shojaeizadeh,
Volume 4, Issue 4 (Winter 2017)
Abstract
Background and objective: Smoking is a common health problem which has involved many young people in the society. This study was done to assess the effect of a health education program considered based on the health belief model (HBM) to improve smoking preventive behaviors among 3rd-grade high school students in Nowshahr city, north of Iran.
Materials and methods: This study was a quasi-experimental study in was performed on 280 male students of 3rd-grade high schools of Nowshahr city; they were randomly allocated into experimental and control groups. Data was collected through a researcher-made questionnaire including 40 questions based on health belief model (perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits and perceived barriers to smoking, and cues to action) and preventive behaviours of smoking. After data collection in the first phase, health educational intervention was implemented in the second phase. Data was analyzed using SPSS 18 with descriptive and inferential (Chi Square, independent t and pair t) tests.
Results: The mean score of all HBM constructs in experimental group after applying health educational intervention compared with before the implementing the intervention was significantly different (p ˂ 0.05). Moreover, the mean score of all parts of HBM constructs after the intervention was significantly increased in the experimental group compared with the control group (p ˂ 0.05).
Conclusion: Implementing smoking preventive actions is effective on smoking preventive behaviors among high school students. Therefore, smoking prevention programs should be started before and during the high school period.
Paper Type: Research Article.
Fatemeh Zarei, Leyla Ghahremani, Maryam Khazaee-Pool, Nastran Keshavarz Mohammadi,
Volume 5, Issue 3 (Fall 2017)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Schools provide an important setting to promote health, especially in Iran with about 12 million children, moreover for school staff, families, and communities. The health-promoting schools approach has been implemented in Iranian schools. This qualitative study aimed to explore the perspectives of school health experts towards the strengths, challenges, and improvement strategy for health promoting schools.
Methods: In This qualitative study, data was collected using semi-structured interviews with 14 health schools, professionals and 3 school headmasters in seven provinces of Iran. We recruited interviewers through purposeful sampling. Thematic analysis was conducted to analyze the data by using MAXQDA ver 10.
Results: The results were categorized into eight themes. The main strength, perceived in " based on participatory program "," feedback-driven program"," training- driven program"," a systematic program". The main perceived weakness was ''inefficient executive structural mechanism "and" inefficient property of the program "Improve the supporting infrastructure," and" Reload executive structures were suggested as a corrective mechanism from participants’ view point.
Conclusion: The effectiveness of the health promoting school program, as well as all successful programs in health system requires revision and localization.
Nina Besharti, Dr Fatemeh Jafari, Dr Fatemeh Zarei,
Volume 6, Issue 4 (Winter-2019 2019)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Osteoporosis is a disease which is accompanied with decrease of bone mass. We know that the maximum bone mass is made up to 30 years old. The aim of this study was evaluation of the effect of education based on self-efficacy theory on the self-efficacy of osteoporosis prevention behavior in brides who were referred to pre-marriage counselling center in Zanjan in 2017.
Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 138 brides were chosen by convenience sampling and assigned to three groups: two intervention groups and one control group. After filling out the questionnaire which was made by the researcher, the education content was taught orally in the first intervention group and it was taught by telegram in the second intervention group.
After two months the researcher evaluated two intervention and control groups and the data was analyzed by ANOVA in SPSS23.
Result: After intervention, the mean of nutrition self-efficacy and physical activity self-efficacy in oral intervention group, was 29.1± 3.82 and 6.35± 1.52 respectively and in telegram intervention group was 29.2±2.76 and 6.71±1.41 respectively. These means had statistically significant differences with mean of nutrition self-efficacy (23.59± 5.25) and physical activity self-efficacy (5±5.25) in control group. This difference was more in telegram group than the oral group.
Conclusion: The education based on self- efficacy theory by oral and telegram was effective in improving of the preventive behavior of osteoporosis. The effect of telegram is more than the oral education.
Saeed Yarahmadi, Fatemeh Zarei, Fatemeh Jafari,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (Spring 2019)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Couples’ relationships have been challenged due to the online social networks. In this interpretive inquiry, we explored couples’ perspectives toward implications of online social networks on marital life.
Methods: This study was carried out in Zanjan, where individual indepth interviews were conducted on 20 participants who experienced marriage and presence in online social networks. The data were collected and recorded by semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed using Nvivo-Ver11 in Graneheim Lundman analysis approach.
Results: Data analysis led to extraction of 301 codes, 21 sub-categories, 6 categories and 2 themes including perceived positive outcomes of social media on couples’ lives including 2 subcategories as awareness context and availability, and perceived negative outcomes of presence in online social networks on couples’ lives including 4 sub-categories as affected relationship, hidden affair, threaten marital life, Individualized marital life.
Conclusion: Expansion of social media, like any other technological developments, has positive and negative effects on marital life. Media literacy is a recommended approach to reducing the negative impact of being present in online social networks.
Ghasem Zarei, Tahereh Zarei, Soraya Farajzadeh,
Volume 7, Issue 3 (Autumn 2019)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Nowadays, arbitrary drug use is one of the most important problems in the world, including Iran. Due to the harmful effects of drug abuse, this study aimed to assess the cause of arbitrary use of drugs and anti-marketing strategies for drug use among Referrals to medical centers of social security organization in Ardabil.
Methods: This is an applied, objective and a qualitative research in terms of the nature of the research. In this study, the data from interviews with 21 patients and physicians of the Social Security Clinic of Ardabil city were analyzed using the Grounded Theory Method in three stages (open coding, axial coding and selective coding).
Results: The findings of this study showed that the causes of drug abuse are in six areas of economic, access, cultural-social, barriers related to health centers, awareness, experience and attitude.
Conclusion: According to the findings of the research, the Ministry of Health, health centers and other related areas should plan on reducing the effects of identified factors on drug abuse. This is possible through reducing the cost of treatment, increasing the coverage of the health centers in terms of geographical coverage, and mass media campaigns in the area of education and informing the society.
Saeed Yarahmadi, Sara Kazemi, Nasrin Rozbahani, Fatemeh Zarei,
Volume 9, Issue 4 (1-2022)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Couples' communication interactions in the context of social networks have been challenged. The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of a tool for measuring the consequences of virtual social media on marital life by factor analysis.
Materials and Methods: This tool is a qualitative methodology based on the exploration of views and perceptions of married men and women about the consequences of virtual social networks on married life. The validity of the questionnaire was assessed through face validity (qualitative and quantitative), content validity (qualitative and quantitative) and construct validity (exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis) in 700 married individuals. The reliability of the questionnaire was determined by the test-retest method (calculation of intra-class correlation coefficient) and internal correlation (calculation of Cronbach-alpha coefficient). Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS24 and AMOS24 software.
Result: The initial instrument consisted of 20 items from a qualitative study, which after psychometrics, 4 items were removed and 12 items remained. The range of values calculated for the ratio and content validity index of the items were (0.83-1) and (0.66-1), respectively, and the impact score of all of them was higher than 1.5. The Intra-class correlation coefficient and Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the questionnaire were obtained at 0.864 and 785, respectively. The results of exploratory factor analysis were four factors: "Threat of marital commitment", “individualization of cohabitation”,” Threat to privacy” and “Faded intimacy”. In confirmatory factor analysis the fitted model based on these four factors explained 43.75% of the consequences of social media presence on couples' lifestyle.
Conclusion: Psychometric results in this study showed that a tool with 20- iteme and 4 domains for measuring the consequences of social media presence on couples' lifestyles has good validity and reliability and it can be used as a suitable tool in this field.
Shahnaz Ghalavandi, Fatemeh Zarei, Alireza Heidarnia, Mahmoud Tavousi,
Volume 10, Issue 1 (Spring 2022)
Abstract
Background and Objective: The aim of this study was to translate and psychometrics the Cervical Cancer Screening Self-Efficacy Scale.
Materials and Methods: A standard forward-backward translation method was used to develop the Persian version of the cervical cancer screening self-efficacy scale. The validity of the questionnaire was assessed through face validity (qualitative and quantitative), content validity (qualitative and quantitative) and construct validity (exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis) in 400 women. The reliability of the questionnaire was determined by test-retest method (calculation of intra-class correlation coefficient) and also internal correlation (calculation of Cronbach-alpha coefficient). Statistical analyzes were performed by SPSS24 and lisrel 8.8 software.
Results: The range of calculated CVR and CVI of scale items was (0.92-1.00) and (0.92-1.00) impact score of all items was more than 1.5. The range of Cronbach's alpha and ICC were calculated for the reliability of scale items respectively (0.66 – 0.85) and (0.846- 0.977). The three factors of "Confidence in controlling tangible barriers of Pap Smear test ", "Confidence in following Pap Smear test Instructions" and "Confidence in controlling intangible barriers of PAPS". In confirmatory factor analysis the fitted model based on these factors explained 58.29%of the self-efficacy in performing Pap Smear test. These factors confirmed by CFA (X2/df =3.3, CFI=0.91, GFI= 0.96, RMESA=0.081).
Conclusion: Psychometric of Persian version of the cervical cancer screening self-efficacy scale with 8 items and 3 domains has proper validity and reliability to evaluate the cervical cancer screening self-efficacy in females.
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