[Home ] [Archive]   [ فارسی ]  
:: Main :: About :: Current Issue :: Archive :: Search :: Submit :: Contact ::
Main Menu
Home::
Journal Information::
Articles archive::
For Authors::
Publication Ethics::
Editorial policy::
Contact us::
Site Facilities::
Reviewe::
::
Citation Impact
..
Search in website

Advanced Search
..
Receive site information
Enter your Email in the following box to receive the site news and information.
..
COPE Membership

AWT IMAGE

..
Creative Commons Licence
..
Open access
..
:: ::
Back to the articles list Back to browse issues page
Path Analysis Associations between Physical, Environmental, and Psychosocial-Social Hazards with General Health in Service Sector Workers in Bojnourd City
Ali Yarmohammadi , Vaheid Ghavami , Seyfollah Gharib , Arezoo Oroji , Najmeh Khodadadi , Seyedeh Belin Tavakoli Sani *
Abstract:   (184 Views)
Background and Objectives: Identifying the level of workplace hazards in service industries and their relationship with public health has an important place in health, developing educational programs, and reviewing guidelines in service industries. The present study was conducted to determine the relationship between physical, environmental, and psychosocial risk factors and public health in service industry workers in Bojnourd.

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional-analytical study was conducted on 380 individuals employed in service industries in Bojnourd in 1403. Sampling in this study was carried out using a stratified method. The data collection tool included a valid and reliable structured multi-domain work assessment questionnaire and a public health questionnaire. The relationship between variables was examined based on simple and multiple regression tests and structural equation models using SPSS and R software.

Results: The average total score of assessed hazards in all industries is within the range of medium hazard levels, and 31.31 percent of the study subjects have an unfavorable public health status. The total score of occupational hazards directly and significantly affects general health, with a significance level of less than 0.001 and a factor loading of 0.35. Among the items, heavy lifting, fixed postures, uncomfortable body position, noise, ventilation, low salary, and insufficient time to rest had standardized factor loadings above 0.7 and showed the most significant relationship (p<0.001) in explaining occupational hazards and reducing general health.

Conclusion: The path analysis model showed that occupational hazards have a direct and significant effect on reducing general health. Therefore, managing occupational hazards in physical, environmental, and psychosocial dimensions is very important for maintaining and promoting the general health of workers in service industries.

Open Access Policy: This is an open-access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Keywords: General Health, Service Industries, Occupational Health
     
Type of Study: Research | Subject: Public Health
Received: 2024/12/27 | Accepted: 2025/04/21
References
1. Dorman, P., Three preliminary papers on the economics of occupational safety and health. InFocus Programme on Safety and Health at Work. Geneva: International Labour Organization (http://www. ilo. org/public/english/protection/safework/papers), 2000.7(4): p.54-67.
2. Baig, N.N. and S.A. Aleem, Occupational hazards among dental surgeons in Karachi. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak, 2016. 26(4): p. 320-2.
3. Salem, M., et al., Study of work related diseases among staff of a hospital in Tehran. Journal of North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, 2014. 6(1): p. 71-79. [DOI:10.29252/jnkums.6.1.71]
4. Somville, F.J., V. De Gucht, and S. Maes, The impact of occupational hazards and traumatic events among Belgian emergency physicians. Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine, 2016. 24: p. 1-10. [DOI:10.1186/s13049-016-0249-9] [PMID] []
5. Shahabinejad, M., et al., Identify occupational hazards of each of the occupational groups in a military hospital. 2017. 3(1): p.14-17.
6. Hallowell, M., Safety risk perception in construction companies in the Pacific Northwest of the USA. Construction management and economics, 2010. 28(4): p. 403-413. [DOI:10.1080/01446191003587752]
7. Nekooi Moghadam, M., et al., The rate of occupational hazards and its effective factors in nurses of non educational Hospital of Sirjan and Baft in 2011. Health and Development Journal, 2013. 2(3): p. 235-249.
8. Berhane, K., A. Kumie, and J. Samet, Health effects of environmental exposures, occupational hazards and climate change in Ethiopia: synthesis of situational analysis, needs assessment and the way forward. Ethiopian Journal of Health Development, 2016. 30(1): p. 50-56.
9. Hoseini, Z.J., H. Mokhtarinia, and M. Vahedi, Comparative Study of Physical, Environmental and Psychosocial Risk Factors in Workers in the Production and Assembly of Auto Parts in Qom with a Multi-Factor Approach. Iran J Ergon, 2022. 10(2): p. 101-11.
10. Snashall, D., Occupational health in the construction industry. Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health, 2005: 6 (4): p. 5-10.
11. Niedhammer, I., J.-F. Chastang, and S. David, Importance of psychosocial work factors on general health outcomes in the national French SUMER survey. Occupational Medicine, 2008. 58(1): p. 15-24. [DOI:10.1093/occmed/kqm115] [PMID]
12. Väänänen, A., et al., Job characteristics, physical and psychological symptoms, and social support as antecedents of sickness absence among men and women in the private industrial sector. Social science & medicine, 2003. 57(5): p. 807-824. [DOI:10.1016/S0277-9536(02)00450-1] [PMID]
13. Aluclu, I., A. Dalgic, and Z. Toprak, A fuzzy logic-based model for noise control at industrial workplaces. Applied Ergonomics, 2008. 39(3): p. 368-378. [DOI:10.1016/j.apergo.2007.08.005] [PMID]
14. Naravane, S., Effect of industrial noise on occupational skill performance capability. 2009: State University of New York at Binghamton. 8(2): p.24-32.
15. Darvishi, E., et al., Subjective mental workload and its correlation with musculoskeletal disorders in bank staff. Journal of manipulative and physiological therapeutics, 2016. 39(6): p. 420-426. [DOI:10.1016/j.jmpt.2016.05.003] [PMID]
16. Kalantari F, M.N., Habibi E, Survey the status of available of health occupational in small workshops of Car service in Isfahan health scope, 2002. 2(3): p. 12-18.
17. Taheri Namoghi, M., Surveying the condition of occupational safety and hygiene in manufacturing and technical trade units in Sabzevar. Medical Science Journal of Islamic Azad Univesity-Tehran Medical Branch, 2006. 16(2): p. 113-118.
18. Mahmoudi, D., et al., Modeling of Individual, Job Characteristics and Workplace Conditions with General Health of Female Carpet Weavers Using an Ergonomic Approach. Journal of Health and Safety at Work, 2021. 11(3): p. 529-543.
19. Sekhavati, E. and R.J. Yengejeh, Assessment optimization of safety and health risks using fuzzy TOPSIS technique (case study: construction sites in the South of Iran). Journal of Environmental Health and Sustainable Development, 2021. 7(4): p.121-123. [DOI:10.18502/jehsd.v6i4.8154]
20. Abootorabi, S., H. Mehrno, and M. Omidvari, Proposing a model for safety risk assessment in the construction industry using gray multi-criterion decision-making. Journal of Health and Safety at Work, 2014. 4(3): p. 67-74.
21. Mashayekh, M., N. Soleimani, and H. Dehghan, Comparison of the Functional Indices of Occupational Health Services before and after the Implementation of the Health Reform Plan in the Area Covered by the Health Center of Isfahan Province, Iran, 2021. 8(1): p.54-67.
22. Jeffries, F.L., Predicting safety related attitudes in the workplace: The influence of moral maturity and emotional intelligence. Journal of Behavioral and Applied Management, 2011. 12(3): p. 200-216, 7(4): p.54-67. [DOI:10.21818/001c.17862]
23. Guide to grading workshops based on risk in the targeted occupational health inspection program, Executive Instructions for the Targeted Occupational Health Inspection Regulations. 2012, Ministry of Health, Treatment and Medical Education, Deputy Health Office of the Center for Environmental and Occupational Health: Tehran, Iran. 2012, 7(2): p.114-117.
24. Tanaka, J.S., " How big is big enough?": Sample size and goodness of fit in structural equation models with latent variables. Child development, 1987, 2019, 8(2): p. 134-146. [DOI:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1987.tb03495.x]
25. Hosseini, Z.S.J., et al., Structured multidisciplinary work evaluation Tool (SMET) questionnaire: translation, cultural adaptation and psychometric evaluation of the Persian version. Work, 2024. 77(2): p. 659-669. [DOI:10.3233/WOR-220706] [PMID]
26. DP, G., User's Guide to the General Health Questionnaire. Windsor, 1988. 3: p.5-7.
27. Werneke, U., et al., The stability of the factor structure of the General Health Questionnaire. Psychological medicine, 2000. 30(4): p. 823-829. [DOI:10.1017/S0033291799002287] [PMID]
28. Goldberg, D. and P. Williams, General health questionnaire. 1988, Granada Learning Group London.1988, 4: p.54-67.
29. Goldberg, D.P. and V.F. Hillier, A scaled version of the General Health Questionnaire. Psychological medicine, 1979. 9(1): p. 139-145. [DOI:10.1017/S0033291700021644] [PMID]
30. Taghavi, S., Validity and reliability of the general health questionnaire (ghq-28) in college students of shiraz university. J psychol, 2002. 5(4): p. 381-98.
31. Hair Jr, J.F., et al., An introduction to structural equation modeling. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) using R: a workbook, 2021: p. 1-29. [DOI:10.1007/978-3-030-80519-7_1]
32. Cheung, G.W., et al., Reporting reliability, convergent and discriminant validity with structural equation modeling: A review and best-practice recommendations. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 2024. 41(2): p. 745-783. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-023-09871-y [DOI:10.1007/s10490-023-09880-x]
33. Alimoradi, H., et al., Investigating the relationship between noise and occupation on the status of mental disorders and depression of workers using questionnaire (DASS) and (BAKK) in steel industries. Occupational Medicine, 2021. 7(4): p.22-37. [DOI:10.18502/tkj.v13i1.6580]
34. HOKMABADI, R. and H. EBRAHIMIAN, Assessment of workplace harmful factors in small workshops. Occupational Hygine and Health Promotion Journal, 2019. 3(1): p. 75-83. [DOI:10.18502/ohhp.v3i1.966]
35. Haraldsson, P., et al., Comparing the Structured Multidisciplinary work Evaluation Tool (SMET) questionnaire with technical measurements of physical workload in certified nursing assistants in a medical ward setting. Applied ergonomics, 2021. 96: p. 103493. [DOI:10.1016/j.apergo.2021.103493] [PMID]
36. Noorbala, A. and K. Mohammad, The validation of general health questionnaire-28 as a psychiatric screening tool. Hakim Journal, 2009. 11(4): p. 47-53.
37. Khandan, M. and A. Koohpaei, Survey the relationship between mental health statuses with safety behavior, occupational accident and demographic variables among workers: A case study in publication industry. Journal of Occupational Hygiene Engineering, 2015. 2(3): p. 17-28.
38. Calnan, M., et al., Mental health and stress in the workplace: the case of general practice in the UK. Social science & medicine, 2001. 52(4): p. 499-507. [DOI:10.1016/S0277-9536(00)00155-6] [PMID]
39. zare, s., et al., investigation of the relationship between general health and workers'sleep quality and work incidence in gole gohar mineral industries co., sirjan. 2013. 3: p.24-50.
40. Choobineh, A., et al., Musculoskeletal problems in Iranian hand-woven carpet industry: Guidelines for workstation design. Applied ergonomics, 2007. 38(5): p. 617-624. [DOI:10.1016/j.apergo.2006.06.005] [PMID]
41. Cantiello, J., et al., The impact of demographic and perceptual variables on a young adult's decision to be covered by private health insurance. BMC Health Services Research, 2015. 15: p. 1-15. [DOI:10.1186/s12913-015-0848-6] [PMID] []
42. Chauhan, A., et al., Occupational hazard exposure and general health profile of welders in rural Delhi. Indian journal of occupational and environmental medicine, 2014. 18(1): p. 21-26. [DOI:10.4103/0019-5278.134953] [PMID] []
43. Russo, M., et al., Work hazards and workers' mental health: an investigation based on the fifth European Working Conditions Survey. La Medicina del lavoro, 2019. 110(2): p. 115. [DOI:10.23749/mdl.v110i2.7640] [PMID] []
44. Kufe, C.N., C. Bernstein, and K. Wilson, Reliability, validity and dimensionality of the 12-Item General Health Questionnaire among South African healthcare workers. African Journal of Psychological Assessment, 2024. 6: p. 144. [DOI:10.4102/ajopa.v6i0.144]
Send email to the article author

Add your comments about this article
Your username or Email:

CAPTCHA

Ethics code: IR.MUMS.FHMPM.REC.1402.236
Clinical trials code: .


XML   Persian Abstract   Print



Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Back to the articles list Back to browse issues page
فصلنامه آموزش بهداشت و ارتقاء سلامت ایران Iranian Journal of Health Education and Health Promotion
Persian site map - English site map - Created in 0.06 seconds with 44 queries by YEKTAWEB 4710