[Home ] [Archive]   [ فارسی ]  
:: Main :: About :: Current Issue :: Archive :: Search :: Submit :: Contact ::
Main Menu
Home::
Journal Information::
Articles archive::
For Authors::
Publication Ethics::
Editorial policy::
Contact us::
Site Facilities::
Reviewe::
::
Citation Impact
..
Search in website

Advanced Search
..
Receive site information
Enter your Email in the following box to receive the site news and information.
..
COPE Membership

AWT IMAGE

..
Creative Commons Licence
..
Open access
..
:: Volume 14, Issue 2 (3-2026) ::
Iran J Health Educ Health Promot 2026, 14(2): 72-86 Back to browse issues page
Validity and Reliability of the Persian Version of Disaster Literacy Scale among People Over 18 Years
Mahdi Moshki , Elnaz Einabadi , Mitra Dogonchi , Alireza Jafari *
Abstract:   (415 Views)
Background and Objectives: Disaster literacy refers to the capacity of people to access, comprehend, and utilize health-related information and services for disaster mitigation, preparedness, prevention, response, and recovery. This study aimed to translate and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Disaster Literacy Scale.

Material and Methods:  Initially, the translation process was conducted to create the Persian version of the Disaster Literacy Scale. Subsequently, qualitative face validity, qualitative and quantitative content validity, and structure validity were evaluated. For quantitative content validity, the content validity index (CVI) and content validity ratio (CVR) were calculated. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed on a sample of 777 individuals aged over 18 years selected through random cluster sampling in Razavi Khorasan Province (Iran) in 2022. The questionnaire's reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, McDonald's Omega Coefficient, and the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted using AMOS software version 24.

Results: In this study, the average of CVR and CVI for all items were calculated as 0.81 and 0.95, respectively. Three items (items 47, 48, and 61) were removed due to weak factor loadings during confirmatory factor analysis. Based on the model fit indices, the structure validity was confirmed. Furthermore, Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the Disaster Literacy Scale was 0.868, McDonald's omega coefficient was 0.892, and the ICC was 0.897. The mean (± standard deviation) of the Disaster Literacy Scale was 160.94 (± 31.34). The disaster literacy level was insufficient for 85.8% (n=667) of participants, mediocre for 13.8% (n=107), and sufficient for only 0.4% (n=3). 

Conclusion: The findings confirmed the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the Disaster Literacy Scale with 58 items and four subscales: Mitigation (17 items), Preparedness (16 items), Response (13 items), and Recovery (12 items). Finally, Disaster Literacy Scale can be utilized in future studies to assess the status of disaster literacy across various populations.

Open Access Policy: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Keywords: Psychometrics, Health literacy, Disaster literacy
Full-Text [PDF 2363 kb]   (70 Downloads)    
Type of Study: Research | Subject: Public Health
Received: 2025/06/26 | Accepted: 2025/11/16
References
1. Huang Q, Bhandari G, Khan GD, Yoshida Y. The impact of a disaster recovery policy on health status of the 2015 Gorkha earthquake victims: Evidence from a natural experiment. Review of Development Economics. 2025;29(1):435-49. [DOI:10.1111/rode.13136]
2. Genç FZ, Yıldız S, Erdal A, Bilgili N. Effect of structured digital-based education given to nursing students on disaster literacy and disaster preparedness belief levels: A randomized controlled study. Nurse Education Today. 2025:106581. [DOI:10.1016/j.nedt.2025.106581] [PMID]
3. Zafari M. ziyari, KA, zanganeh Shahraki, S. and Rajaei, SA (2026). Analysis of the physical resilience of oil-rich cities against earthquakes (Case study: Dogonbadan city). Geography (Regional Planning). 2026;15(58):29-49.
4. Hargono A, Artanti KD, Astutik E, Widodo PP, Trisnawati AN, Wardani DK, et al. Relationship between disaster awareness and disaster preparedness: online survey of the community in Indonesia. Journal of public health in Africa. 2023;14(9):2376. [DOI:10.4081/jphia.2023.2376] [PMID] []
5. Patel RK, Pamidimukkala A, Kermanshachi S, Etminani-Ghasrodashti R. Disaster preparedness and awareness among university students: a structural equation analysis. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2023;20(5):4447. [DOI:10.3390/ijerph20054447] [PMID] []
6. Asih SW, Pandin MGR, Yusuf A, Supriyadi. LITERATURE REVIEW: DISASTER RISK REDUCTION PROGRAMS TO INCREASE PUBLIC AWARENESS OF NATURAL DISASTERS. medRxiv. 2023:2023.12. 15.23300051. [DOI:10.1101/2023.12.15.23300051]
7. Patel RK, Kermanshachi S, Namian M, editors. A socioeconomic-based analysis of disaster preparedness, awareness and education. Creative Construction e-Conference 2020; 2020: Budapest University of Technology and Economics Budapest, Hungary.
8. Saifudin IMMY. Disaster Health Literacy, Risk Perception, and Preparedness towards Resilience in a Volcano-Prone Community: A Cross-sectional Study in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Journal of Community Empowerment for Health. 2023;6(3):154-60. [DOI:10.22146/jcoemph.86343]
9. Bogdan E, Krueger R, Wright J, Woods K, Cottar S. Disaster awareness and preparedness among older adults in Canada regarding floods, wildfires, and earthquakes. International Journal of Disaster Risk Science. 2024;15(2):198-212. [DOI:10.1007/s13753-024-00555-9]
10. Gülsoy A, Uyan Y, Özcan E, Durmuş M. The relationship between disaster literacy levels and disaster preparedness among adults. Natural Hazards. 2025;121(9):10667-81. [DOI:10.1007/s11069-025-07225-z]
11. Zhang D, Zhang L-Y, Song H-N, Zou S-Q, Cui Q, Zhang X, et al. The model for assessing disaster literacy in nurses: Instrument development and cross-sectional validation study. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. 2024;108:104530. [DOI:10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104530]
12. Çalışkan C, Üner S. Measurement of disaster literacy in Turkish society: Disaster Literacy Scale (DLS) design and development process. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness. 2023;17:e211. [DOI:10.1017/dmp.2022.147] [PMID] []
13. Mundfrom DJ, Shaw DG, Ke TL. Minimum Sample Size Recommendations for Conducting Factor Analyses. International Journal of Testing. 2005;5(2):159-68. [DOI:10.1207/s15327574ijt0502_4]
14. Sousa VD, Rojjanasrirat W. Translation, adaptation and validation of instruments or scales for use in cross-cultural health care research: a clear and user-friendly guideline. J Eval Clin Pract. 2011;17(2):268-74. [DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2753.2010.01434.x] [PMID]
15. Lawshe CH. A quantitative approach to content validity 1. Personnel psychology. 1975;28(4):563-75. [DOI:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1975.tb01393.x]
16. Polit DF, Beck CT, Owen SV. Is the CVI an acceptable indicator of content validity? Appraisal and recommendations. Research in nursing & health. 2007;30(4):459-67. [DOI:10.1002/nur.20199] [PMID]
17. Meyers LS, Gamst G, Guarino AJ. Applied Multivariate Research: Design and Interpretation. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications, Inc; 2017. Available from: https://methods.sagepub.com/dict/mono/applied-multivariate-research-3e/toc. [DOI:10.4135/9781071802687]
18. Schumacker RE, Lomax RG. A beginner's guide to structural equation modeling. 3rd ed. New York: Routledge; 2010.
19. Schreiber JB, Nora A, Stage FK, Barlow EA, King J. Reporting Structural Equation Modeling and Confirmatory Factor Analysis Results: A Review. The Journal of Educational Research. 2006;99(6):323-38. [DOI:10.3200/JOER.99.6.323-338]
20. Hooper D, Coughlan J, Mullen MR. Structural equation modelling: guidelines for determining model fit. Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods. 2008;6(1):53-60.
21. Narimani M, Ghaffari M. The role of moral and social intelligence in predicting resiliency and quality of life in parents of children with learning disabilities. Journal of Learning Disabilities. 2016;5(2):106-28.
22. Koo TK, Li MY. A Guideline of Selecting and Reporting Intraclass Correlation Coefficients for Reliability Research. J Chiropr Med. 2016;15(2):155-63. [DOI:10.1016/j.jcm.2016.02.012] [PMID] []
23. Zhang D, Zhu X, Zhou Z, Xu X, Ji X, Gong A. Research on disaster literacy and affecting factors of college students in central China. Disaster medicine and public health preparedness. 2021;15(2):216-22. [DOI:10.1017/dmp.2020.33] [PMID]
24. Genc FZ, Yildiz S, Kaya E, Bilgili N. Disaster literacy levels of individuals aged 18-60 years and factors affecting these levels: A web-based cross-sectional study. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. 2022;76:102991. [DOI:10.1016/j.ijdrr.2022.102991]
25. Smith K, Fearnley CJ, Dixon D, Bird DK, Kelman I. Environmental hazards: assessing risk and reducing disaster: Routledge; 2023. [DOI:10.4324/9781351261647]
26. Tabibi SJ, Parsamoein S, Khankeh H, Mahmoodi M. Validation of factors affecting disasters risk management in Iranian hospitals. Trauma Monthly. 2019;24(5):1-6.
27. Tabish S, Syed N. Disaster preparedness: current trends and future directions. Int J Sci Res. 2015;4(6):227-52.
28. Nutbeam D. Health literacy as a public health goal: a challenge for contemporary health education and communication strategies into the 21st century. Health promotion international. 2000;15(3):259-67. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/15.3.259 [DOI:10.1093/heapro/15.3.183]
29. Ahmadi A, Manoochehri S. Assessing the status and analysis of factors affecting the desirability of crisis management of environmental hazards in Ghaenat City. Spatial Planning. 2020;10(2):23-56.
30. Secretariat U. Discussion Paper Post-Crisis Industrial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction. The Role of Industrial Development in the Achievement of the Millennium Development Goals.251.
Send email to the article author

Add your comments about this article
Your username or Email:

CAPTCHA

Ethics code: IR.GMU.REC.1402.092



XML   Persian Abstract   Print


Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:

Moshki M, Einabadi E, Dogonchi M, Jafari A. Validity and Reliability of the Persian Version of Disaster Literacy Scale among People Over 18 Years. Iran J Health Educ Health Promot 2026; 14 (2) :72-86
URL: http://journal.ihepsa.ir/article-1-3118-en.html


Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Volume 14, Issue 2 (3-2026) Back to browse issues page
فصلنامه آموزش بهداشت و ارتقاء سلامت ایران Iranian Journal of Health Education and Health Promotion
Persian site map - English site map - Created in 0.06 seconds with 44 queries by YEKTAWEB 4741