Background and objective: The first leading cause of death among the first 5 years of children’ life around the world are accidents and injuries. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of theory-based education on the promotion of preventive behaviors in accidents and injuries among mothers with children under 5 years old.

Materials and methods: This was a quasi-experimental study that was carried out on 130 mothers of children less than 5 years referred to health centers in Khorramabad in 2014. Data was collected using a four parts questionnaire (demographic data, knowledge, health belief model structures and performance). The case group participated in two health education sessions with 50 minutes duration. Data was collected before and three month after education among the two groups. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics (medium, SD, and frequency) and analytical statistics (Kolmogorov-Simonov test, Wilcoxon test, and Mann-Whitney test) through SPSS20.

Results: Before the intervention, the mean score of knowledge, components of the health belief model and performance had no significant difference among the two groups before intervention. But after intervention, it was significant (p < 0.01). The mean score of performance in case group from 52.3 to 69.53 significant increased after intervention (p < 00.1).

Conclusion: According to the increase amount obtained from the structure, based on theory and implementation of a training program based on health belief model among mothers of children under 5 years old with active pursuit to improve their performance in the prevention of accidents and injuries in children.

Paper Type: Research Article.